Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, and understanding its causes and prevention is crucial for maintaining healthy skin. At Vista Health, we are dedicated to providing special care and education to help you protect your skin from harmful UV rays. Here, we explore the causes of skin cancer, its relationship with tanning, and essential tips for prevention.

What Causes Skin Cancer?

What are the main causes of skin cancer? Skin cancer develops when skin cells grow uncontrollably due to DNA damage and this reduces the capability of the host immune system to recognize and get rid of the malignant cells. The primary cause of this damage is ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Other risk factors include, family history, human papillomavirus (HPV), Fitzpatrick skin type, Reduced immunity status and chemical exposure. People with fair skin are at a higher risk as they lack the photo-protective effects of the skin pigment “melanin”.

There are three main types of skin cancer:

• Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): The most common type, often caused by prolonged exposure to UV radiation.

• Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): Also linked to UV exposure, SCC can spread to other parts of the body if not treated.

• Melanoma: The most dangerous form of skin cancer, melanoma can develop anywhere on the body and is more likely to spread.

The Link Between Tanning and Skin Cancer

Is tanning bad for your skin? Tanning, whether from the sun or tanning beds, exposes your skin to harmful UV radiation. This exposure can lead to DNA damage in skin cells, increasing the risk of skin cancer. Here’s how tanning contributes to skin cancer:

• UV Radiation: Both UVA and UVB rays penetrate the skin, causing direct DNA damage and weakening the skin’s natural defense mechanisms.

• Sunburn: Repeated sunburns, especially in childhood and adolescents aged 15-20, significantly increase the risk of developing skin cancer later in life.

• Tanning Beds: The use of tanning beds is particularly dangerous, as they emit concentrated UV radiation, which can be more intense than natural sunlight.

How to Prevent Skin Cancer

What are the best ways to prevent skin cancer? Taking proactive steps to protect your skin from UV radiation is essential for skin cancer prevention. Here are some effective tips:

Use Sunscreen Daily

What is the best sunscreen for skin cancer prevention? Choose a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher. Apply it generously to all exposed skin at least 15 minutes before going outside, and reapply every two hours or after swimming or sweating.

Seek Shade

How can I protect my skin from the sun? Whenever possible, stay in the shade, especially during peak sun hours (10 AM to 4 PM). Use umbrellas, trees, or other shelters to minimize direct sun exposure.

Wear Protective Clothing

What kind of clothing helps prevent skin cancer? Wear long-sleeved shirts, pants, and wide-brimmed hats to cover as much skin as possible. Look for clothing with an Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) for added protection.

Avoid Tanning Beds

Are tanning beds safer than the sun? No, tanning beds are not safer. They emit harmful UV radiation that increases the risk of skin cancer. Avoid using tanning beds and opt for sunless tanning products if you want a tan.

Regular Skin Checks

How often should I check my skin for signs of cancer? Perform regular self-examinations to check for new or changing moles, spots, or growths. Schedule annual skin checks with a dermatologist for a professional evaluation.

How do I know if I should get my mole checked? There are four important changes in moles that patients should be aware of. If you notice any of these changes, it's important to see a doctor for an evaluation:

1. If the mole starts bleeding inappropriately or on minor touch.

2. If the mole is new/increasing in size.

3. If it has various colors (brown to black) with irregular borders.  

4. If it is asymmetrical in shape.