Aortic valve narrowing, also known as aortic stenosis, is a condition where the valve between the heart's left ventricle and the aorta narrows, restricting blood flow and putting extra strain on the heart. This condition can lead to serious complications if not properly managed. At Vista Health, we are committed to providing the latest information and treatments to help you manage aortic valve narrowing effectively.

What is Aortic Valve Narrowing?

Aortic stenosis occurs when the aortic valve's leaflets become thickened, calcified or stiffened, reducing their ability to open fully. This can be caused by various factors, including congenital heart defects, age-related calcification, or conditions like rheumatic fever. As the valve narrows, the heart must work harder to pump blood through the smaller opening, which can eventually lead to heart failure if left untreated.

Symptoms of Aortic Valve Narrowing

The symptoms of aortic stenosis can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include:

• Chest Pain: Often described as a pressure or tightness, especially during physical activity. It is relieved by rest. 

• Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing, particularly during exertion, at night or on lying down.

• Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired, even with minimal physical activity.

• Dizziness or Fainting: Due to reduced blood flow to the brain.

How is the Diagnosis of Aortic Stenosis (Narrowing) made?

• Serum electrolyte levels

• Cardiac biomarkers

• Complete blood count

• B-type natriuretic peptide: is especially helpful in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis, helps the clinicians know the prognosis of the disease and hence decide the right time for the Valve replacement surgery. 

• Electrocardiography (ECG): It is not very reliable though. 

• Echocardiography Two-dimensional and Doppler: It is necessary to know the severity of the Aortic Stenosis

• Cardiac catheterization: used when clinical features are not consistent with echocardiogram findings only, otherwise not needed.

• Arterial blood gas: may be needed if respiratory disease is present simultaneously

• Coronary Angiography: Important to be done in two instances. 

1)  All patients older than 35 years who are being considered for valve surgery

2) Patients with Left Ventricular systolic dysfunction who are less than 35 years.  

Managing Aortic Valve Narrowing

The management of aortic stenosis depends on the severity of the condition and the patient’s overall health and symotoms. Here are some key management strategies:

1. Regular Monitoring and Medications

For mild cases of aortic stenosis, regular monitoring and medications may be sufficient. Medications can help manage symptoms and reduce the risk of complications. It is important to note that medications are of limited use in patients with symptoms. Commonly prescribed medications include; 

• Beta-blockers: used in patients with angina (chest pain)

• ACE inhibitors: In case of Pulmonary Congestion (as result of heart failure)

• Diuretics: Also used for Pulmonary Congestion but as temporarily symptoms relief, no benefit from long term use. 

2. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR)

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) is a minimally invasive procedure that has revolutionized the treatment of aortic stenosis. In this procedure, a new valve is inserted into the heart via a catheter, which is typically threaded through the femoral artery in the groin. The new valve pushes aside the old, narrowed valve, allowing blood to flow more freely.

TAVR is particularly beneficial for patients who are considered high-risk for open-heart surgery. The procedure has a shorter recovery time and fewer complications compared to traditional valve replacement surgery.

EMBED VIDEO: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8HTYMOTdaLg 

3. The MitraClip Procedure

Although primarily used to treat mitral valve regurgitation, the MitraClip procedure can also be beneficial for patients with severe aortic stenosis who are not candidates for traditional surgery. This minimally invasive procedure involves clipping together the leaflets of the mitral valve to reduce leakage and improve heart function.

While not a direct treatment for aortic stenosis, the MitraClip procedure can be part of a broader treatment plan for patients with multiple valve issues, including aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation.

4. Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty 

It is used as a alleviating measure in critically sick adult patients who are not surgically fit or as a bridge to aortic valve replacement in critically sick patients.

Aortic valve narrowing is a serious condition that requires careful management. With advancements in medical technology, such as TAVR and the MitraClip procedure, patients have more options than ever before to manage their condition effectively. At Vista Health, our team of experienced cardiologists, led by Dr. Irfan Mirza, is dedicated to providing personalized care to help you live a healthier, more comfortable life.

Schedule a Consultation

If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with aortic valve narrowing, don’t wait to seek treatment. Contact Vista Health today at (928) 237-4418 to schedule a consultation and learn more about your treatment options.